Your car relies on a network of fluids and filters to run smoothly, protect vital components, and keep you safe on the road. From engine oil to brake fluid—and air filters to fuel filters—these often-overlooked items play a major role in your vehicle’s performance and longevity. Staying on top of them doesn’t require a lot of time, but it does make a big difference.
Here’s a breakdown of the key fluids and filters to keep an eye on and how to make sure they’re doing their job.
1. Engine Oil and Oil Filter
Engine oil lubricates moving parts, reduces heat, and keeps the engine clean. The oil filter traps debris and sludge to prevent buildup.
- Check the oil level at least once a month or before long trips.
- Change the oil and filter according to your vehicle’s schedule—usually every 5,000 to 7,500 miles for modern engines, or sooner for older cars or severe driving conditions.
- Look for signs of dirty oil (dark and gritty) or leaks around the engine.
2. Coolant (Antifreeze)
Coolant regulates your engine’s temperature and prevents it from overheating or freezing.
- Check the coolant reservoir regularly to ensure it’s between the minimum and maximum marks.
- Coolant should be flushed and replaced every 2 to 5 years, depending on your vehicle and the type used.
- If you notice a sweet smell, rising temperature gauge, or coolant puddles under the car, get it checked.
3. Brake Fluid
Brake fluid transfers pressure from the pedal to the brake system. Over time, it absorbs moisture, which can reduce braking power.
- Check the brake fluid reservoir for correct levels and color (clean fluid should be clear or light amber).
- Brake fluid should typically be changed every 2 years.
- A soft or spongy brake pedal can indicate moisture in the system or low fluid.
4. Transmission Fluid
This fluid lubricates gears and keeps your transmission shifting smoothly.
- Not all cars have a dipstick, so many transmissions must be checked by a technician.
- Low or dirty transmission fluid can cause slipping, rough shifts, or strange noises.
- Change intervals vary—some are “lifetime,” but many should be serviced around 40,000–60,000 miles.
5. Power Steering Fluid
Power steering fluid helps your car steer with ease. Low levels can make turning the wheel harder or noisier.
- Check the reservoir regularly and look for leaks under the front of the car.
- Fluid should be topped off as needed and changed based on your vehicle’s recommendation.
6. Windshield Washer Fluid
Simple but important—especially for visibility and safety. Keep it topped off with a quality washer fluid (not just water) for best results in all seasons.
7. Air Filters: Engine and Cabin
- The engine air filter protects your engine from dust and debris. Replace it every 15,000 to 30,000 miles, or more often if you drive in dusty conditions.
- The cabin air filter cleans the air you breathe inside the car. Replace it every 12,000 to 20,000 miles, or if airflow feels weak or smells musty.
Final Thoughts
Keeping your car’s fluids and filters in check is one of the easiest ways to protect your engine, improve performance, and avoid costly repairs. Build these checks into your regular maintenance routine, and consult your owner’s manual for recommended intervals. When in doubt, have a trusted technician take a look—especially before a long trip or seasonal change. A little attention now can go a long way later.